'Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care Essay\r'

'Task2: The serious create from raw stuff signs of the be and the reference these play in devil named variety meat of the consistence. P2: outline the bodily construction of the primary(prenominal) create from raw stuffs of the body\r\n on that point argon numerous variant typesetters casecasts of cells in the human body. These cells would non be open to function on their own, they atomic number 18 apiece part of a heavy(p) organism that is called †you. The two named organs that I view as chosen for this assignment argon the bowels and the affectionateness.\r\n tissues\r\nAll cells group in concert indoors the body to form wind, a accretion of similar cells group together to answer a specialized function. There atomic number 18 four primary create from raw stuff types in the human body †epithelium, connexion thread, head-in-the-clouds and the brawniness thread.\r\nepithelial create from raw material-\r\nThis interweave is specialis ed to cover the whole part of the body facing of all of the internal and extraneous body advances, they ar packed tightly together to form continuous classs that reply as linings in different part of the body. Epithelial create from raw stuff serves as membranes lining organs and processing to keep the body’s organs separate, in short letter and foste red-faced. Some ex axerophtholles of epithelial create from raw material argon the outer layer of the skin, the in stance of the give tongue to and stomach, and the tissue surrounding the body’s organs. These kinds of tissues piece of tail be divided into two groups depending on the number of layers that it has. An Epithelial tissue which is only wiz cell thickened is cognise as Simple epithelia, if it consists of some(prenominal)(prenominal) layers then it is known as chemical compound Epithelia.\r\nEpithelial tissue\r\nIn the Intestines-\r\nThe top(prenominal) come out of epithelial cells usually have tiny projections called microvilli. These function to increase the muster up bea. For example, microvilli on intestinal cells increase the surface bea open for absorption. Absorption is an authoritative function of epithelial tissue inside the intestines. The surface of the beautiful intestine is line with simple columnar epithelium. This type of epithelium appears as a single layer of tall, column-shaped cells with oblong nuclei. The primary function of this type of epithelium is absorption of nutrients, discrimination of digestive juices as well as secretion of mucus by goblet cells. The surface atomic number 18a of the small intestine is change magnitude by outward finger- comparable extension smoothen inward indentations, as villi and crypts. Both of these organises are lined with simple columnar epithelium.\r\nIn the core group and soul-\r\nThe epithelial tissue cheers the flavor from neat damaged from the lobes that are in the heart against the lungs; it l eave behinds an extra barrier of protection from injuries. Epithelial tissues line all the ducts and glands deep down the heart and protect it with an exterior membrane.\r\nP2: Outline the social system of the main tissues of the body\r\nThe Intestine\r\nP2: Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body\r\nThe midpoint\r\nConnective tissue-\r\nThere are many types of connection tissue that are astray distributed through and throughout the body that lie nether(a) the epithelial tissue. This type of tissue does non hold many cells, as they are separated from each different by an intercellular ground substance, ( ground substance), they are conceal by the cells. It is do up of all liquid, solid, or colligation tissue, within the matrix there are many types of connecting fibres, very much(prenominal) as collagen and elastic fibres. The function of the connective tissue is to support, bind, cover, protect and give structure to the body. Most types of connective t issue contain fibrous strands of the protein collagen that add strength to connective tissue. Some examples of connective tissue let in the inner layers of skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, areolar, adipose swot and make out tissue.\r\nIn addition to these more(prenominal) placeable forms of connective tissue, filiation is in like manner considered a form of connective tissue. Cartilage tissue is a smooth, firm substance that protects ends of the finger cymbals from friction during military campaign and they can be rear at the end of our hit the books in mobile joints, the front ends of the ribs, also in parts of our nose and ears. Our bone tissues are made of a much harder substance than the cartilage, but they can be worn transfer by friction. They are tough on the outside, but on the inside they have a sponge-like physical body that helps to reduce the weight while retaining strength. They are designed to maintain the body’s structure and support the bodyâ €™s work and are used to protect weaker tissues, much(prenominal) as the brain, lungs and heart.\r\nP2: Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body\r\nBlood is a specialized bodily fluid in human’s that delivers necessary substances such as, nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic negate products away from those same cells. thrums have a rigid structure that constitutes part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a dense type of connective tissue. Cartilage is a ductile connective tissue found in many areas in the body including the joints betwixt bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs.\r\nIt is not as hard and rigid as bone but is stiffer and less compromising than muscle. Areolar tissue is a roughhewn type of connective tissue, als o referred to as ‘loose connective tissue’. It is loyal enough to bind different tissue types together, yet soft enough to provide flexibility and cushioning. Adipose tissue (fatty tissue) it provides insulating material and protection of organs, muscle fibres, meats, and supports blood vessels. It protects us from excessive heat loss or heat increase and also acts as a shock absorber to protect against injury.\r\nIn the intestine-\r\nThe lumen is the cavity where digested nutrition overpoweres through and from where nutrients are absorbed. Both intestines share a general structure with the whole gut, and are composed of several layers. Going from inside the lumen radially outwards, one passes the mucous membrane (glandular epithelium and muscularis mucosa), submucosa, muscularis externa (made up of inner eyeshade and outer longitudinal), and lastly serosa. Serosa is made up of loose connective tissue and coated in mucus to resist friction damage from the intesti ne clash against other tissue. Holding all this in place are the mesenteries which suspend the intestine in the abdominal cavity and go over it being disturbed when a someone is physically active.\r\nIn the heart-\r\nConnective tissue provides the final pathway for diffusion of nutrients, oxygen, waste and metabolites to and from the cells of the body. All blood vessels are embed in connective tissue. The only cells which invite their sustenance directly from the blood are the endothelial cells lining the vessels themselves. All of the other cells are supplied via diffusion through mediator connective tissue. The transport functions of blood and connective tissue cannot be separated. The heart and circulatory dodge simply facilitate the movement of this travelling tissue. The valves in the heart are also made from connective tissues, they figure the amount of blood that is passed through the heart and into the blood stream, and it also helps to reduce the ladder back off t o the heart.\r\nNervous tissue-\r\nThe nervous tissue includes the brain, spinal cord and the warmheartednesss throughout the organism, it contains two types of cell they are the neurons and glial cells. Nerve tissue has the ability to aim and conduct electrical signals in the body. These electrical messages are managed by nerve tissue in the brain and transmitted take in the spinal cord to the body. The nervous tissue, main function is to carry messages throughout the body, assemblage and feeding back cultivation via electronic impulses along specialised cells called neurons. It is like an information speedway, it directs the drive force of the nervous agreement by sending messages, to ensure that all of the systems are able to work together within the body, this is to maintain that the internal conditions are needed to enable the body to move to motivation.\r\nIn the heart-\r\nThe nervous tissue in the heart controls the heart’s main functions. It is controlled by specialised nerves called lymph clients. A node is a specialised type of tissue that behaves as some(prenominal) muscle and nervous tissue. When nodal tissue conshares (like muscle tissue) it generates nerve impulses (like nervous tissue) that travel throughout the heart fence in. The heart has two nodes that are instrumental in cardiac conduction, which is the electrical system that powers the cardiac cycle. These two nodes are the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrio-ventricular (AV) node. The sinoatrial node, is also referred to as the pacemaker of the heart, it coordinates the heart bidions. It is located in the upper wall of the near atrium, it generates nerve impulses that travel throughout the heart wall causation both of the atria to shrivel.\r\nThe atrio-ventricular node lies on the right side of the partition that divides the atria, near the bottom of the right atrium. When the impulses generated by the SA node reach the AV node, they are delayed for about a tenth o f a second. This delay allows the atria to contract, thereby emptying blood into the ventricles. The AV node then sends the impulses down the atrio-ventricular bundle. This bundle of fibres branches off into two bundles and the impulses are carried down the spunk of the heart to the left and right ventricles. Btec take: 3 in Health and mixer Care\r\nNervous Tissue\r\nIn the intestine\r\nIn order to incite the food into the small intestine, a small electrical impulse is passed down the nerve into the lower part of the stomach to churn the food and it is expelled little by little. hence in order for digested food to pass through the intestine and the electrical impulses tract messages to the brain pass through the spinal cord to the nervous tissue within the intestines which then stimulates the muscle to contract causing the digested food to be passed down through to the rectum to the be excreted.\r\nMuscle tissue-\r\nMuscle tissue is a specialized tissue that is able to conduct electrical impulses and to contract. Muscle tissue contains the specialized proteins actin and myosin that slide past one another to allow movement. Examples of muscle tissue are contained in the muscles throughout your body. There are three types of muscles, they are known as:\r\nStriated (also called voluntary or bony muscle), produces movement and maintains posture, contract and relax, applies force to joints and bones, is under voluntary control. Non-striated (also called involuntary, plain or smooth), it protects, controls movement of substance along tubes, not under voluntary control, found in stomach, intestines, bladder, womb and the eyes. The cardiac muscle (also called involuntary, has four chambers), can only be found in the heart, shares similarities to skeletal muscle, and cannot be controlled. Cardiac muscles are only found in theheart. They are self-contracting, autonomically regulated and continue to contract in rhythmic fashion for the whole look of the organism . Some of the cardiac muscle cells contract without any nervous stimulation.\r\nP2: Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body\r\nMuscle Tissue\r\nP2: Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body\r\nIn the heart-\r\nThe cardiac muscle has several different unique features. The muscle’s that are present in the cardiac are intercalated discs, which are connected betwixt two adjacent cardiac cells. Intercalated discs help multiple cardiac muscle cells to contract rapidly as a unit. This is important for the heart to function properly. The cardiac muscle can also contract more powerfully when it is stretched slightly. When the ventricles are filled, they are stretched beyond their normal resting capacity. The result is a more powerful contraction, ensuring that the maximum amount of blood can be forced from the ventricles and into the arteries with each stroke. This is most noticeable during exercise, when the heart crush rapidly. This pumps blood around to all the cells in the body, to help to retrieve it and re-oxygenate it and pump it back around.\r\nIn the intestine-\r\nThe smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like your intestines and stomach. The muscular walls of the intestines contract to push food through your body and help to generate it up, this is an involuntary function.\r\nResources\r\nBooks\r\nStretch B.and Whitehouse M., (2014), Health & Social Care, level 3, 1st edition. Edinburgh Gate, Harlow and Essex.\r\nCollege notes and hand-outs\r\nMs Mansell,, Guernsey College FE, unpublished.\r\nWebsites\r\nwww.en.wikipedia.org\r\nwww.technion.ac.il\r\nwww.kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca\r\nwww.uoguelph.ca\r\n'