The Endless Recovery Essay Example for Free

The Endless Recovery Essay559 Testing Your Comprehension1.Fossil fuels are abundant on our planet today and can be utilise to produce many sources of brawniness which is why they are so prevalent. They are considered nonre refreshingable sources of push button beca practise they take m paraplegicions of years to form and beca wasting disease serviceman are rapidly depleting our fossil fuels faster then they can be created, which makes these fuels nonrenewable. 2.Fossil fuels were formed from the tissues of organisms that lived 100-500 million years ago. The energy these fuels contain came originally from the sun and was converted to chemical-bond energy as a result of photosynthesis. environmental conditions determine what type of fossil fuel is formed because of the chemical composition of the starting material, the temperatures and pressures to which the material is subjects, the armorial bearing or absence of anaerobic decomposers, and the passage of time. Fossil fu els are often concentrated in locate deposits because some regions have substantial reserves of fossil fuels whereas others have very few. 3.Net energy expresses the difference amidst energy re turned and energy invested.EROI is the ratio determined by dividing the quantity of energy returned from a process by the quantity pf energy invested in the process. These are important when evaluating energy sources because these ratios are always changing. 4.Coal is combusted and converted to urine which turns to steam, this starts a turbine this is how coal generates electricity. 5.Geologists have estimated the total amount of crude oil color beneath the Arctic field Wildlife bema 1002 Area by boring cores and conducting ground, air, and seismic surveys to map underground rock formations. This amount differs from the technically recoverable and economically recoverable because the technically recoverable ranges from 4.3-11.8 billion barrels, while the estimated amount ranges from 1 1.6-31.5 billion barrels. 6.We create oil products by refining hydro ascorbic acid molecules that are separated into different size classes and are chemically transformed to create specialized fuels for awakening, cooking and transportation, and to create lubricating oils, asphalts, and the production of plastics and other petroleum products. 7.Peak oil is when the rate of production of oil comes to its peak and begins to decline. Many experts believe we pull up stakes soon pass the globular production peak for oil because we are using it at a faster pace and are non finding new concentrations of oil.If we do not shift torenewable energy sources, our society will meet its demise because we will run out of fossil fuels. 8.Fossil fuel production and consumption drive climate change, they pollute body of water as well as air, and they devastate natural systems. Drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would impact life in that area tremendously because that area wo uld be quickly colly and the wildlife would pay the price. Scientists are not even sure if this area has enough oil worth drilling for which is why it should not be touched. 9.An example of clean coal technology would be to use wry coal with high water contents. This approach would make is a cleaner-burning. Carbon cause technologies intend to omit nose candy dioxide from power institutes or other emissions, while carbon storage technologies try to sequester, or store, carbon dioxide from industrial emissions (underground under pressure in locations where it will not seep out). Both carbon capture and storage are in an effort to mitigate global climate change. 10.10. Two main approaches to energy conservation as individuals, we can make conscious choices to reduce our own energy consumption by driving less, turning off dejects when rooms are not being used, dialing down ther aboutats and cutting support on the use of energy-intensive machines and appliances. As a society we can conserve energy by qualification our energy consuming devices and processes more efficient. Consumers bespeak to purchase energy efficiency appliances.Pg 587 Testing your comprehension1. Of our global energy they contribute Nuclear 20.9 % Hydro 2.2% Bio 9.8%. Of our global electricity they generate Nuclear 13.8% Hydro 15.6% Bio 2.6%. 2. Nuclear fission occurs when the nuclei of large, laboured atoms, such as uranium or plutonium, are bombarded with neutrons. Neutrons tend to move too quickly for their nuclei to collapse when they collide, so the neutrons need to be slowed down. Each split nucleus emits energy in the form of heat, dismount and radiation. It also sacs multiple neutrons. These neutrons, bombard other nearby uranium-235 atoms, which result in a self sustaining mountain chain reaction. Engineers wangle fission in nuclear reactors by using control rods, which absorb neutrons. They are put into the reactor among the water-bathed fuel rods. The engineers move th ese rods into and out of the water to maintain the fission reaction at the sought after rate.3. Interms of greenhouse gas emission, nuclear, analyzed to coal, oil and natural gas, has less to n maven greenhouse emission. Hydropower and bioenergy compare 4. The incident at the Three Mile Island differed from that at Chernobyl because the Three Mile Island emergency was brought under control within days and the reactor was shut down quickly. This was due to a combination of mechanical loser and human error. The residents of the area were not as affected by the meltdown as those in Chernobyl. Chernobyl occurred because engineers had turned off safety systems to conduct tests, human error, and the unsafe reactor intent caused an explosion. Many raft were exposed to radiation residents of the area were highly affected and till this day are still severely ill due to exposure. The accident killed 31 people. Radioactive fallout reached most of the Northern Hemisphere. 5. Some concerns about the judicature of radioactive waste are that if its dumped in the ocean it poses threat to fisheries, people and marine systems.If its kept in the power plants, the power plants are running out of space to hold the waste. If it is displace to Yucca crapper, while being transported there can be an accident that exposes people to the radioactive waste. As of straight off the waste is being kept in storage areas within the nuclear power plant. The United States chose Yucca Mountain as a place to dump the nuclear waste but so far the throw up has not taken place. The waste will remain in their current locations. 6. Sources for bioenergy include the waste products of alert industries or processes, residue from agricultural crops, animal waste and organic waste. Bioenergy use differs between developed and development nations because 7. The two primary biofules are ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol is the alcohol in beer, wine and liquor. It is produced by agitation biomass. In fermentation, carbohydrates are converted to sugar and then to ethanol. Gasoline engines run with gasoline blended with 10% of ethanol. Biodiesel, a fuel produced from vegetable oil, used cooking grease or animal fat. It is also used in vehicles and can be mixed with conventional petrodiesel. In North America and in Europe, cars are being filled with biodiesel and some buses and recycling trucks as well.8. Bioenergy is from carbon neutral which releases no net carbon into the atmosphereif bioenergy replaced the use of fossilfuels we could help mitigate the problems of climate change. Burning bioenergy is not carbon neutral for the fact that plants need to be cut down in order to plantbioenergy plants. 9. Storage type of hydroelectricity this type is the most widely used. It holds water back behind concrete dams that block the flow of water and just let it flow out in smaller amounts through pipes that feed into a turbine. B. The other type of hydroelectricity generating plant is by implementing run-of-river approach.it generates electricity without greatly disrupting the flow of the river. Although it is not as damaging as damming the river, it doesnt take in charge the same amount of water flow as by damming does. 10. two advantages with hydroelectric power are that the energy source is renewable and no carbon is emitted in the production of energy from this source. B. Two damaging impacts of hydroelectricity is that the area behind dams are flooded destroying habitat and the areas below dams are usually starved of water. The other negative is the thermal pollution. Areas behind the dam gat colder that natural and the areas in front of the dam stupefy warmer than natural.Pg 614 Testing your comprehension1.About 13% of our worlds energy is renewable and new renewable counts for 1%. The most prevalent form of renewable energy we use is biomass which accounts for 50% and hydroelectric which accounts for 35%. The form of energy most used to generate electricit y is hydro power. 2.The diminishing amounts of fossil fuels have people concerned about our energy future. This is causing people to look for new renewable resources of energy. Solar and roll power are the new renewables that are experiencing the most rapid growth. 3.Passive solar heating is in the design of a building. It involves the installation of low south facing windows to capture sun, over hangs to shade windows in the summer, and the use of construction materials that capture the suns heat and release it throughout the day. Active solar heating is the use of technologies to heat water and air in structures.It involves installing flat-plate solar collectors on rooftops. Water, air or antifreeze passes through the impanel and gets heated by the sun which in-turns transfers its heat to the building or to water tanks. 4.The photoelectric effect is when light reaches the PV cell and strikes one of a pair which is made of the semiconductor silicone. The light causes one plate to release electrons which are attracted by electrostatic forces to the opposing plate. Photovoltaic cells work when you attach wires to the platesand allow the electrons to pass from one plate to the other freely. This causes an electric current or DC current which then can be converted to AC currents used in home and businesses. 5.Environmental and economic advantages of solar power are that the PV cells use no fuel, are quiet and safe, contain no moving parts, require little maintenance, and do not require a